Chusu



W. MORGAN.

Churn.

No. 27,559. Patented March 20, 1860.

UNITEB STATES TEAENT ECE.,

VILLIAM MORGAN, OF MIDDLEBROOK, "v'IRGINIr-i.

CHURN.

Speecaton of Letters Patent No. 27,559, dated March 20, 1860.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, VILLIAM MORGAN, of Middlebrook, in the county of Augusta and State of VirginiaI` have invented a new and useful Improvement in Churns, of which the following is a t'ull, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, Which make part or" this specification, and in Which- Figure l represents, in perspective, a churn embracing' my improvement. Fig. 2 represents a similar view et the same, with the driving mechanism removed, in order to show more clearly the arrangement` of the mechanism Wit-hin the churn; which mechanism is shown in red lines, and Fig. 3 represents a simil-ar view of the dashers and a portion of the dasher-shatt.

My invention relates to that class of churns in Which a. vertical dasher-shatt is alternately rotated in opposite directions; and has for its object the construction of a simple, cheap, and durable churn which shall be efective in producing the results sought to be attained, and not liable to get out of order; but Which can readily be repaired When broken or deranged; and which admits of a ready removal of its parts tor the purposes of cleaning the churn, removing the butter, cc. These desiderata I attain by constructing a simple rectangular box, which forms the body of the churn, and in the center of Which a step is provided in which to rest the toot of the dasher-shatt, the upper end of which passes through a. hole in the lid of the box. TWO cross-pieces extend through the lower end of the flasher-shaft, at right angles thereto, and project on each side in such manner as to form beaters. These beaters I construct of a depth two or three times greater than their Width, and setthem at an angle of from tive to ten degrees to the perpendicular of the dashershaft, and so that they all incline one Way. They are also perforated With a series of holes to ei'iect a more minute subdivision of the particles of the milk. n each corner of the box an upright perforated breaker is set in such manner that its edge is presented to the flasher-shaft from Which it is removed a distance sufficient to permit the tree reciprocating rotation of the beaters. A grooved pulley is keyed on the upper end of the dasher-shaft Which is rotated by means of a rectangular frame which slides horizontally in guides on the upper part oit the churn-box. cord is passed around this pulley and its ends are secured to the rectangular frame in such manner that the reciprocation of the trame imparts a rapid reciprocating' rotation to the dasher.

In the accompanying drawings the body (A) of the churn is represented as constructed of a rectangular form, and provided with a ledge (a) at bottom, to increase its stability, and, if the churn be of such size as to require tWo persons to Work it, to afford a brace against. which to set their feet and thus enable them to exert their strength to greater advantage. The breakers (a) are inserted into slots in triangular strips or blocks (a2) in each corner of the box in such manner that their edges are presented to the flasher-shaft Which turns in a step (a3) in the center of the bottom of the churn. rlhe upper end of this shaft turns in a hole in the lid (C) and has a sliding pinion (7)3), by vfhich it is rotated, keyed upon it. rIhis pinion can readily be removed from the shaft by taking out the key (b). shoulder may be turned upon the shaft, just below the lid in order to prevent the former Jfrom rising out of its bearings. The beaters (2)) project from the loiver end of the shaft (B) at a right angle thereto, and are perforated and inclined in the manner shown in the drawings. Projecting ledges (CZ) are secured to the top of the sides of the box, in which ledges slots (cZ) are cut. rihe rectangular sliding-frame (D) plays backward in these slots which serve as guides. The parts of this are united by pins at the corners, in the manner of an embroidery frame, and can readily be taken apart. The ends ot a cord (d2) are secured to the cross-bars of the frame so as to be in line with the groove of the pulley (2)3), and is passed around the pulley as often as may e requisite to produce sutlicient friction to insure the rotation of the dasher.

The operation of the machine is as follows: The parts being properly arranged (as shown in Fig. l), the churn may be tilled through an opening lett for that purpose, which opening' may then he closed by a plug The operator then seizes the handles of the sliding-trame D, and, by alternately pulling and pushing, imparts a horizontal reciprocating motion to the trame, which gives a rapid motion to the dashershait causing it to rotate iirst in one direction and then in the other. The combined action of the inclined, perforated beaters and the perforated breakers is such as t cause a violent agitation and thorough division of the particles of the milk, which rapidly breaks up the oil globules and produces butter in a very short space of time.

If the churn be of large size it may be operated to great advantage by two persons, one standing on each side of the churn. It is a fact well known that a person can exert a much greater force and continue his eX- ertions much longer by applying his strength in the manner herein shown, than in any other known way; and this mode of operation, in combination with the peculiar construction of the dashers or beaters, whereby the churn can be driven with a comparatively small expenditure of power, constitutes one of the chief merits of my improvement.

The construction of my improved churn is so simple that it can readily be built or repaired by any mechanic of ordinary intelligence. The breakers, as well as the beaters may be made of some hard wood, such as oak, ash, hickory Sac.; and it will be seen that I can thus avoid the use of any metal whatever in the construction of my churn.

By dispensing with toothed gearing the churn can be operated with a much smaller expenditure of power than if such gearing were employed.

I am aware that the dashers of chui-ns have been alternately rotated in opposite directions, both by toothed and frictional gearing driven by a rotating shaft or a reciprocating lever. I am also aware that various forms of dashers and breakers have been proposed. I do not therefore, claim broadly any of the above parts, but

Having thus fully described the construction and operation of my improved churn, what I claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The combination of the inclined, perforated, dasliers or beaters (b) and the removable, perforated breakers (a) with the sliding-frame (D), when arranged for joint operation as described, for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

WILLIAM MORGAN.

Vitnesses:

C. W. MCGUFFIN, JOHN Willson. 

